The And Drug Abuse Treatment At The Summer Of 2007

Famous celebrity Lindsay Lohan was admitted to Malibu’s Promises Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Facility in the summer of 2007. When people hear about celebrities and their admittance to alcohol treatment facilities, people often wonder how the celebrity ended up in this position. Well in Lindsay Lohan’s case, her father was incarcerated for driving under the influence of alcohol. With this knowledge, it is easy to see how Lindsay would follow in the alcoholic footsteps of her father. To further demonstrate this inference, Lindsay wrote a song to her father, â€Å"Confessions of a Broken Heart†. This song addresses the troubled relationship she had with her father (Lindsay, 2007, pg.1). After the given examples, it is easy to see how an unstable home life could lead to alcoholism. There are a number of circumstances that can lead to an unstable home life. Divorce, alcoholism, fighting and abuse are all but a few of the situations that would lead one to believe that they are living within an unstable home. When dealing with alcoholic problems in a home it is said that, â€Å"offspring of alcoholics are thought to be at risk for poor emotional regulation† (Chassin, 1999, pg.107). This means that the children of alcoholics cannot cope with their emotions in a healthy manner. The absence of a healthy coping with emotions can cause an individual to feel lost and alone. Therefore, they look for ways to get away from home, since home has become an uncomfortable place. It is humanShow MoreRelatedRecidivism And The Correctional System1722 Words   |  7 Pagescorrectional system. It is also a commonality in other aspects of the criminal justice system. 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Women are also under additional strain in the home because â€Å"Today 1 in 4 childrenRead MoreAlcohol Abuse : A Continuous Pattern Of Drinking1185 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol abuse (305.00) is a continuous pattern of drinking that ends up harming your health, personal relationships or even being to work. It is also to be linked up to suicide. They say the risk of suicide is higher in older men who suffer from depression and have a history of drinking. Alcohol abuse adds to failure to report to work or be able to do your specific duties or responsibilities that need to be performed even at school, or home. Also leads to dangerous activities like drinking and drivingRead MoreThe 12 Steps Of Alcoholics Anonymous852 Words   |  4 PagesBased on this disclosure and admission, I was able to begin my work. I reinforced what the treatment center began to implement, the 12 Step s of Alcoholics Anonymous. We created a structured schedule of meetings and the 12-step work began. Weekly he came to therapy and we â€Å"sparred† back and forth of his lack of interest and motivation on the program. It became clear to me that I was not making any headway on this type of counseling and my client could be in danger of relapse. I suggested over andRead MoreResearch Literature Review1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ SOWK 562 – Summer 2014 Assignment #3: Intervention Literature Review July 20, 2014 Dr. Hsin-Yi Hsiao Intervention Description There are two distinct service models for persons experiencing homelessness that also have issues with mental illness and/or addictions, the treatment first model or the Housing First model. Housing First models utilize a supported housing approach in which consumers start with permanent, independent apartments and providers work with consumers regardlessRead MoreCorrectional Programs of America Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesinto society. Jails and prisons alike offer rehabilitative programs. These programs allow every inmate the opportunity to return to the outside world as a better and more productive member of society. Educational, vocational training, work release, drug-abuse, health care, religious, and finally recreational programs are just a few of the hundreds of services inmates can participate in. Due to these programs, positive changes within an inmates life are entirely within reach. William Rogers began instructingRead MoreEssay on Grief and Mourning1283 Words   |  6 Pagesother strange behavior in 1% of the population in the United States (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia can be life altering and hard to grasp. A myriad of emotions come into play for both the individual diagnose and their family. The prognosis for individuals diagnose with schizophrenia can be affected by many factors like positive symptoms, negative symptoms, noncompliance to treatment, and use of substance to self-medicate. Several literatures have indicated that individualsRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Women Prisons1298 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States prisons due to drugs-related cases is increasing at an alarming rate. Incarceration serves as one of the main punishment and rehabilitation of drugs-related offenses. While some are in to drugs abuse and trade willingly, others are innocently involved. It could be because of being used to distribute on behalf of their husbands or boyfriends, or even by simply living with people who are involved in the trade. In fact, 70% are those imprisoned due to non-violent drug-related crimes (AmericanRead MoreImpact of the Economy on Suicide1255 Words   |  6 Pagesprograms and treatments to help those who have resorted to or contemplated suicide. Specialized programs have been created, but not all are accessible. Money issues make it hard for some to access treatment. Economic classes are important factors in success rates of suicidal teens who receive treatme nt and those who do not. For young people between the ages of 10 ­24, suicide is the third leading cause of death (CDC, 2014). Suicide is preventable, but we need to be aware of the causes, treatments and solutionsRead MoreSociological Theories, Conflict, Structural Functionalism And Symbolic Interaction1588 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the FBI statistics about five infants under the age of 1 are killed each week in the United States. No particular geographical location exists for this type of crimes; filicide occurs everywhere and in any place. It appears that the seasons; summer, spring, winter or fall, weekend or weekday, nothing put a halt to the crime. The research noted that the most common methods of killing by parents were with â€Å"personal weapons,† such as choking, beating, or drowning. Caucasian men and women between

Pop Music Free Essays

The themes of pop music also help to characterize this genre of USIA. Typically, pop music centers on themes such as love and relationships. For example, â€Å"Am I Wrong† by â€Å"Nice Vine† is a pop song that explains a longing for a relationship he thought was more than it was. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theme is so popular because everyone can relate to it. At a point in every persons life, they will experience love; those who have not experienced it, long for it, and thus relate to the theme of love as well. 3. What is disco? What are the characteristics of this music? I. Developed in 1 970, disco began outside of mainstream America, but t ended up crossing over into mainstream pop music. Mixing â€Å"soaring† vocals with a beat that encouraged dancing, disco became the dance music of the decade. The music often had 100 to 130 beats per minute (a relatively fast tempo) and the pulse of the rhythm was often emphasized. 4. What was the British Invasion? Which famous group was a part of this movement? What impact did the group have on pop music? In the 1 9605, some of these British groups became influential in North America as well. The biggest group of the British Invasion was, of course, the Beetles. While the Beetles sometimes sang about social issues, they also had songs with catchy lyrics and melodies. This would be the centerpiece of pop music through the next several decades. 5. What is a boy band? What are some characteristics off boy band? I. Boy bands, such as New Kids on the Block, Boozy II Men, Backstreet Boys, and ‘N Sync, featured between three and six young adult males who typically sang, but did not play instruments. Critical Thinking Questions 1 . Some of the music in the 1 sass was used to protest social and political issues. Is music still used as a form of protest? Why or why not? I. Music is used, and will always be used, as a form of speech. It gets ideas and concepts out to the public in an appealing, and passionate way. However, it is less politically influenced nowadays. I believe this is because the public shows much more interest in love songs rather than politics; therefore, music composers aim to please the public. 2. One of the changes in the music industry during the twentieth century was the increasing centralization of music. Has music become too commercial? Why or why not? Do you think that artists are creating music for money or for other reasons today? I. Although big stars make a significant amount of money, all pantomimic artists are financially struggling. It is such a rough patch to make it to fame that if that artist is in it for the money, they will never make it in order to endure the hard times, they must really love what they do. Music has become highly commercialese, but will continue to evolve just like everything else. 3. How has technology impacted pop music? Describe at least three genealogical changes that impacted and shaped pop music today or in the past. I. The Beat Machine eliminates the need for a real drummer. The internet allows for promotion and exposure that was not possible before. Finally, music videos are now a â€Å"must† when it comes to pop music. It increases the need for â€Å"the look† of the artist. 4. Pop music has often been seen as youth music. Why do you think pop music appeals to younger individuals? How has the industry promoted this idea? I. Pop music appeals to you anger generations because it is upbeat and easy to dance to. How to cite Pop Music, Papers Pop Music Free Essays ? The Center for Popular Music For information on specific research collections: Sheet music and Broadsides Rare books Sound recordings Periodicals Reading room collection Archives Music Trade Catalogs Posters Playbills and Programs Photographs Background: The Center’s collection documents the diversity of American music. We take as our starting point the European and African origins of American culture, selecting items which document the music of our national vernacular culture. From the 18th to early 20th century music was disseminated largely in printed form: sheet music, songsters, broadsides, instrumental instruction books and song anthologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now After 1920 recorded sound gained dominance. The Center’s collection reflects this change in the commodification of music. The Center recognizes the interplay between musical styles in American culture by providing study-level collections in all genres. Rather than duplicating the collection depth in specialized archives, the Center strives to support local research needs in all genres while providing research-level collections in specific areas: rock roll and its roots, the various forms of vernacular religious music, and music of Tennessee and the Southeast. The key element supporting the study of rock is a sound recordings collection strong in blues, rhythm and blues, early rock, mainstream rock from the 1960s to the present, and alternative rock. The Center also has extensive holdings of rock periodicals as well as biographical, historical and critical books. Research in vernacular religious music is supported through a collection of approximately 2600 scores, including southern gospel songbooks, 19th century oblong songbooks, New England hymnody, shape note music, Sunday school songs, Negro spirituals, African-American gospel and denominational hymnals. Our collection of southern gospel songbooks is thought to be the largest institutional collection held by a non-religious repository. The Center’s sound recording collections is also deep in various African-American traditions, contemporary Christian music and southern gospel. In addition to commercial issues, the Center has approximately 100 hours of original field recordings of African-American religious music. The Center’s collection of Tennessee and southeastern materials recognizes that Tennessee provides a marvelous laboratory in which to study popular music. Ragtime, jazz, blues, Anglo- and African-American folk music, country, gospel and rock have all flourished within Tennessee. The music business of Tennessee has long been an important segment of Tennessee’s economy. In addition to Nashville, the cities of Memphis, Knoxville, Bristol, Chattanooga, Cleveland and Lawrenceburg have played significant roles in music publishing, broadcasting and recording. The Center’s collection documents these business activities as well as musical ones. How to cite Pop Music, Papers

Killing and non-killing religions Essay Example

Killing and non-killing religions Essay Introduction: In the current times, the universe is vulnerable to terror onslaughts. Some of these terrorist act activities are ever associated with utmost spiritual organisations. Take for case, the ISIS, a panic organisation runing in Iraq and Syria ( Armstrong, 2014 ) . This panic group justifies the violent death of non-Muslims on faith. They wrongly believe that the Quran gives them authorization to kill and maim anyone who is non practising Islam. This paper seeks to explicate the construct of killing and non-killing faiths. It farther seeks to place, which of these is associated with modern twenty-four hours terrorist act. This paper takes a base that killing faiths are largely associated with modern twenty-four hours terrorist act. We will write a custom essay sample on Killing and non-killing religions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Killing and non-killing religions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Killing and non-killing religions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Killing and Non Killing Religions: Non-killing refers to attitudes and actions intended to forestall or halt international Acts of the Apostless of killing human life. This is a term that seeks to talk against force, and it promotes a peaceable co-existence. Non-Killing can be used to mention to a spiritual belief that does non recommend for force. Examples of such faiths include Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism, etc ( Docker, 2008 ) . These are regarded as non-killing faiths, because their instructions advocator against force. Take for case in Christianity, the bible Teachs that if a individual hits you on one cheek, so give him another cheek to hit. This means that a Christian should non take any retaliatory steps, such as paying force with force ( Docker, 2008 ) . Killing faiths on the other manus advocator for the riddance of anybody who goes against its bid. An illustration includes a faith that supports the slaying or violent death of people, who do non impute to its values ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . Controversy exists on whether Islam is an illustration of a killing faith or non. This is because there have been different readings of the instructions of Islam. One reading is of the demand to kill anybody who does non pattern Islam. Other manus, other Islamic bookmans argue that this is non right. This is because Islam seeks to encompass other faiths ( Docker, 2008 ) . However, this is an issue of argument. In a nutshell, while most Muslims position faith and morality as a agency of accomplishing peace, few of them see violence as a agency of accomplishing it. The group position jihadists as an aberrance of Islam that offers little more than subjugation, spiritual constabulary, veiled adult females, and disclaimer of modern scientific discipline. Differences Christians ( Nonkilling Religion ) believe that God sent Christ to rectify the divergences of the Jews. Muslims on another manus trust that God sent Prophet Mohammed, his concluding prophesier, to rectify the divergences of the Christians. They believe that Christianity is non a true representation of the instructions of God ( Docker, 2008 ) . For illustration, the two depart on the usage of force to distribute their faith. For case, one of the instructions of Christianity is that he who lives by the blade, will besides decease by the blade. This is a disapprobation of force, and it is seeking to advance a peaceable co-existence amongst one another. The Quran Teachs that anyone who tries to go forth the faith should be punished. By looking at these facts, it is possible to denote that Christianity and Islam are two really different faiths, and they propagate different values and beliefs. Buddhism and Hinduism are other non-killing faiths ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . These faiths believe in a peaceable co-existence amongst one another. Furthermore, Buddhism believes that to accomplish ultimate peace, there is a demand of an person to invariably chew over. Hinduism believes in the being of many Gods, and goddesses. On this fact, this faith embraces other faiths, and their beliefs. This is unacceptable in Islam. Islam does non digest any other faith, and they believe that no God exists, apart from their God, who is called Allah. It is because of this fact that Islamic extremists are willing to kill, for Allah ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . The violent advocation of Islamic beliefs is referred to as Jihad. Jihad refers to an action aimed at exercising attempt for intents of accomplishing a coveted result. Muslims usually fight Jihad on two degrees. The first degree, is the war against Satanic accusals, poorness, and diseases ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . The 2nd Jihad is fought against any individual who is viewed as traveling against the rules and philosophies of Islam. Non-killing faiths do non back up any type of force, nor do they hold any violent political orientations, such as jehad. Islam stresses that anyone who does non change over to Islam, should be killed, or enslaved. The other non-killing faiths do non hold these commissariats ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . For them, those who do non hold with their tenets are neer slayed or killed. In this position, we can appreciate the fact that these two faiths do contrast in immense stairss. While the former propagates for killing the Rebels or doing them slaves, the latter focal points on tolerance and peace. They do these based on Koran A ; apos ; s Allah philosophies. In add-on, in instance a Muslim brother gets into the manner of slaying the non-Muslims, Islam permits that such an person is slain. They can travel into the degrees of leveling a vicinity to complete off heathen ( Pallmeyer, 2003 ) . In this sense, Islam regards these types of violent deaths as piousness, and it sees nil incorrect with it. For illustration, the word Boko Haram means that Western Education is iniquitous. This is a spiritual extremist group that is found in Northern Nigeria and it advocates for the Islamization of Nigeria. In the chase of their end, they burned schools, kidnaped 100s of kids, and left causalities totaling in 1000s. Their suspected links with the al-Qaida in the Maghreb and al-Shabaab in Somalia has made Boko Haram a existent threat in the eyes of U.S national security. The other non-killing faiths calls for loving your neighbours as you love you. So the impression of killing to derive something is seen as immorality in these signifiers of faiths. In comparing to Christianity, Islam does non offer a chapter about love, 1 Corinthians 13.There exist no fable of Good Samaritan ( Docker, 2008 ) . The call to personal sanctity doesn A ; apos ; Ts exist wholly. There is no hope for personal redemption by manner of impeccant forfeit merely as Jesus did upon Calvary. The hope of ageless cloud nine in holy Eden is non-existent ( Ellens, 2004 ) . The forfeit of puting down the life of one individual is non present in Islam. Alternatively, it is killing others that will allow you derive infinity ( Docker, 2008 ) . The love for a neighbour is absent in entirety among the killing faiths. This is seen amongst the Boko Haram activists. This people kill, with the statement that they are recommending for the acceptance of Islamic rules. Prophet Mohammed was a political leader, and the Koran had much to state about how to form a well-run society in a mode that promotes peace and justness. The two make it true by stating that, modern twenty-four hours Muslims find it really absurd to divide faith from Government. It begs the inquiry, why would human jurisprudence be above the jurisprudence of God. It is on this baseline that we find so many extremists lifting up to counter authorities forces in all mode of wicked bloodshed schemes ( Docker, 2008 ) . They do non believe about who they might be seting in danger, but their chief focal point is selfishness. In other universe faiths, the contrary is really apparent, Killing is non allowed and is regarded really evil. Such Acts of the Apostless attract penalties runing from ageless disapprobation and anguish. In these faiths, there is the separation of faith and authorities constructions ( Docker, 2008 ) . The holy book of Muslims is the Koran. It is a digest of God A ; apos ; s Torahs which were revealed to Mohammed.. Mohammed is respected by most Muslims as a prophesier of God and non as an extension of God. Jesus in His plants here on Earth claimed to be God. Mohammed was a mortal appointed by God to proclaim the message of peace and enlightenment and in this sense ; he had no supernatural powers ( Ellens, 2004 ) . To Christianity, it is contrary to these. Jesus in his ministry among the Jews did many miracles that culminated into really many people following His philosophy. This includes raising the dead, mending the ill, etc. For Him, many people believed in ageless cloud nine in holy Eden because He was an extension of God Himself. Modern Day Terrorism Modern twenty-four hours terrorist act is profoundly associated with killing faiths. Take for illustration, Islam. Most terrorist act groups that emerge, usually associate themselves with Islam. An illustration is Al-Qaeda, whose leaders called for Jihad, against the Americans and the Israeli involvements ( Ellens, 2004 ) . This is because they believed that America and Israel were working against the involvements of Islam. The Quran encourages Muslims to take prisoners during cases of war ( Armstrong, 2014 ) . This can merely go on when a jehad is declared. This is the ground why most panic groups usually cite a Jihad, when engaged in terrorist act activities. It might be true theoretically, but modern twenty-four hours terrorist act is apparent on the poetries from Koran like the one above. A batch of accents are on the jehad as agencies of seeing the fantastic life in front of us. In this respect, extremists like the al-Qaeda, al-Shabab and the Boko Haram of Nigeria take it upon themselves to command authoritiess by either commandeering planes, kids or merely killing utilizing bombs ( Armstrong, 2014 ) . What matters to them is exercising fright and anxiousness among guiltless citizens at the disbursal of their selfish enterprises. There is a really strong association between modern twenty-four hours terrorist act and religion. These words are good depicted in the barbarous violent death of Cpl. Nathan Cirillo by a recent Muslim convert called Michael Zeharf-Bibeau. In his entry, he states that it really absurd for a Muslim convert to travel on a shooting fling in the Canadian parliament ( Docker, 2008 ) . In every bit much as it is seeable that the faith has something to make with behaviour, other factors besides can lend. For case, disregard on upbringing, political orientation, mental jobs and even condemnable yesteryear and drug dependence. But of the declared grounds faith has the strongest relation with what Bibeau did in Canada ( Docker, 2008 ) . The precipitation of modern twenty-four hours terrorist act revival of armed and extremist jihadi motions are two in nature.First is the radical ideals and political orientation of the 1979 Persian revolution and secondly, the practical application of jehad against the Soviet Union A ; apos ; s business of Afghanistan. Decision Religious terrorist act is the political insurgence by members of a certain group of doctrinal religion in seeking to debar the effects of the stated political system. In this sense, anything that consequences from such an agreement is viewed as a immense approval to the people contending for that class. Modern twenty-four hours terrorist act is seeable by many groups of the Islamic religion who have a baseline of bloodletting. The recent events in the United States on September 11, 2001 showed the lengths at which these extremists can widen to. The modern twenty-four hours authorities or political units should endeavour to make out to the grudges aired out by political extremists. On a spiritual graduated table, it is imperative for the provinces to seek out to counter the effects of spiritual extremist. The killing faith propagates for modern twenty-four hours highjacking of planes and kids, like the Nigerian Boko Haram and the al-Qaeda non burying the al-Shabaab in contemporary So malia. In this entry it is practical cognition to denote killing faiths with modern terrorist act. Mentions: Armstrong, K. ( 2014 ) .William claude dukenfields of blood faith and the history of force. New York, N.Y. : Books on Tape: . Docker, J. ( 2008 ) .The beginnings of force faith, history and race murder. London: Pluto Press. Top of Form Bottom of Form Ellens, J. ( 2004 ) .The destructive power of faith: Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Westport, Conn. : Praeger. Top of Form Bottom of Form Pallmeyer, J. ( 2003 ) .Is faith killing us? : Violence in the Bible and the Quran. Harrisburg, Pa. : Three Press International.

Hess Law Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Chlorides, Enthalpy

Hess Law Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Chlorides, Enthalpy Hess Law Hess Law:Work to be done:Find enthalpy change by measuring temperature change of a reaction. Chemicals and apparatus: Thermometer Scale Isolator NaOH, solid NaOH, 0.50M solution Acetic acid, 0.50M and 0.25M Lab: Reaction 1) The temperature of 200ml water that I poured into the isolator was 23.0C. To that I added 1.97g solid NaOH and let the reaction take place. After a while I measured the temperature to 24.9C rT = 1.9C. The number of mole NaOH is 1.97 / 40 = 0.049 mol. Reaction 2) In this experiment I used 100ml 0.50M acetic acid, and to that I added 100ml 0.50M liquid NaOH. The temperature of the acetic acid was 23C and the temperature of the NaOH was 22C. So the average, and the number I use will be 22.5C. After the reaction the temperature of the solution was 25C, so rT = 2.5C. The number of mole NaOH is 0.50 * .100 = 0.050 mol. Reaction 3) In the third reaction I used 200ml 0.25M acetic acid with a temperature of 22.5C, that I added to 2.00g NaOH. The temperature after the reaction was 27C, so rT = 4.5C. And the number of mole NaOH in the reaction was 2.00 / 40 = 0.05 mol. The same amount NaOH has been used in all three reactions, and the same amount of liquid also, 200ml. In reaction two and three is also the amount acetic acid the same.I can now calculate the enthalpy changes in each case: H = c m T, and since the same mass has been used, and since I can use the same c in all three cases H = 0.84 T (c = 4.2, m = 0.200g) rH1 = 1.596 rH2 = 2.1 rH3 = 3.78 According to Hess Law you should be able to calculate the enthalpy change for a reaction which is the sum of two (or more) reactions with known enthalpy change, so:NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) (1) NaOH(aq) + HCl NaCl + H2O (2) NaOH(s) + HCl NaCl + H2O (3) (3) - (2) = (1) and we can also see that rH3 - rH2 rH1

Edwin Howard Armstrong, Inventor of FM Radio

Edwin Howard Armstrong, Inventor of FM Radio Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890–February 1, 1954) was an American inventor and one of the great engineers of the 20th century. He is best known for developing the technology for FM (frequency modulation) radio. Armstrong won numerous patents for his inventions and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1980. Fast Facts: Edwin Howard Armstrong Known For: Armstrong was an accomplished inventor who developed the technology for FM radio.Born: December 18, 1890 in New York, New YorkParents: John and Emily ArmstrongDied: February 1, 1954 in New York, New YorkEducation: Columbia UniversityAwards and Honors: National Inventors Hall of Fame, Institute of Radio Engineers Medal of Honor, French Legion of Honor, Franklin MedalSpouse: Marion MacInnis (m.  1922-1954) Early Life Armstrong was born in New York City on December 18, 1890, the son of John and Emily Armstrong. His father was an employee of Oxford University Press, while his mother was deeply involved in the Presbyterian Church. When he was still very young Armstrong became afflicted with St. Vitus Dance- a muscular disorder- which forced him to be home-schooled for two years. Education Armstrong was only 11 years old when Guglielmo Marconi made the first trans-Atlantic radio transmission. Enthralled, the young Armstrong began studying radio and building homemade wireless equipment, including a 125-foot antenna in his parents backyard. His interest in science and technology took Armstrong to Columbia University, where he studied at the schools Hartley Laboratories and made a strong impression on several of his professors. He finished college in 1913 with a degree in electrical engineering. Regenerative Circuit The same year he graduated, Armstrong invented the regenerative or feedback circuit. Regeneration amplification worked by feeding a received radio signal through a radio tube 20,000 times per second, increasing the power of the received radio signal and allowing radio broadcasts to have a greater range. In 1914, Armstrong was awarded a patent for this invention. His success, however, was short-lived; the following year another inventor, Lee de Forest, filed several applications for competing patents. De Forest believed that he had developed the regenerative circuit first, as did several other inventors who became involved in the legal dispute that lasted many years. Although an initial case was resolved in Armstrongs favor, a later decision ruled that De Forest was the true inventor of the regenerative circuit. This was Armstrongs first experience with the legal system that would later cause him so much turmoil. FM Radio Armstrong is most commonly known for inventing frequency modulation, or FM radio, in 1933. FM improved the audio signal of radio by controlling the static caused by electrical equipment and the earths atmosphere. Prior to this, amplitude modulation (AM) radio had been extremely susceptible to such interference, which was what prompted Armstrong to investigate the problem in the first place. He conducted his experiments in the basement of Columbia Universitys Philosophy Hall. In 1933, Armstrong received U.S. patent 1,342,885 for a Method of Receiving High-Frequency Oscillations Radio for his FM technology. Again, Armstrong was not the only one experimenting with such technology. Scientists at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) were also testing frequency modulation techniques to improve radio transmissions. In 1934, Armstrong presented his latest finding to a group of RCA officials; he later demonstrated the power of the technology using an antenna at the top of the Empire State Building. RCA, however, decided not to invest in the technology and instead focused on television broadcasting. Armstrong had not lost faith in his discovery, though. He continued to refine and promote FM radio technology, first by partnering with smaller companies such as General Electric and then by presenting the technology to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Unlike the RCA officials, those at the FCC presentation were impressed by Armstrongs demonstration; when he played them a jazz recording over FM radio, they were struck by the clarity of the sound. Improvements to FM technology over the 1930s made it more and more competitive with existing technologies. In 1940, the FCC decided to create a commercial FM service, which launched the following year with 40 channels. However, the outbreak of World War II limited the resources that could be put toward new radio infrastructure. Conflicts with RCA- which was still using AM transmissions- also prevented FM radio from taking off. It was not until after the war that the technology began to win popular support. In 1940, RCA, seeing that it was losing the technological race, tried to license Armstrongs patents, but he refused the offer. The company then developed its own FM system. Armstrong accused RCA of patent infringement and began litigation against the company, hoping to win damages for lost royalties. Death Armstrongs inventions made him a rich man, and he held 42 patents in his lifetime. However, he also found himself embroiled in protracted legal disputes with RCA, which viewed FM radio as a threat to its AM radio business. Much of Armstrongs time, as a consequence of the litigation, was devoted to legal matters rather than work on new inventions. Struggling with personal and financial problems, Armstrong committed suicide in 1954 by jumping to his death from his New York City apartment. He was buried in Merrimac, Massachusetts. Legacy In addition to frequency modulation, Armstrong is also known for developing a number of other key innovations. Every radio or television set today makes use of one or more of his inventions. Armstrong even invented the superheterodyne tuner that allowed radios to tune into different radio stations. During the 1960s, NASA used FM transmissions to communicate with its astronauts while they were in space. Today, FM technology is still used throughout the world for most forms of audio broadcasting. Sources Sterling, Christopher H., and Michael C. Keith.  Sounds of Change: a History of FM Broadcasting in America. University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Richter, William A.  Radio: a Complete Guide to the Industry. Lang, 2006.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Paper

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Research Paper Example During these prolonged incidents of best rest, elderly adults incur an increased risk for pressure ulcers. Other chronic conditions also present a similar risk of prolonged bed rest including osteoarthritis and cancer. This issue is being reviewed because pressure ulcers are preventable conditions, especially if the adequate nursing management remedies are in place. There are, however, factors or issues which impact on the management of pressure ulcers. This review now, therefore, seeks to evaluate the effective management of pressure ulcers among elderly patients with chronic diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), about 160,000 nursing home residents have had pressure ulcers, with Stage 2 pressure ulcer being the most common affliction. Residents who were more than 64 years of age were also likely to suffer from this issue and those who have had shorter hospital stays (one year or less) were also more likely to suffer from pressure ulcers, as c ompared to those who have stayed in nursing homes for longer durations (CDC, 2011). About one in five of these elderly patients with pressure ulcers have gone through weight loss and about 30% of these residents had to receive special wound care services for their health issue. In general, pressure ulcers are attributed to unrelieved pressure on the skin and often develop over bony protrusions. They are also serious medical issues and a common issue encountered among patients in nursing homes. About 2-28% of nursing home elderly patients are suffering from pressure ulcers and these ulcers are graded from stage 1 to stage 4 depending on the range of skin breakage seen on the ulcers. In about 1.5 million nursing home patients, 160,000 have been diagnosed with pressure ulcers at one point during their residence.

Phonetics and you can find every thing in the slide Essay - 1

Phonetics and you can find every thing in the slide - Essay Example The fact that there is evidence of both a voiced /É £/and voiceless /x/ velar fricative occurring in the same environments anticipates they are phonemes, and that a voiced counterpart to the labio-dental /f/ and alveolar fricative /s/ would also be found with further data. Evidence also suggests that although the voiced and voiceless pairs of velar fricative phonemes exist they are not found in all situations; for example, /x/ and /É £/ occur directly before the back mid vowel /o/ and the low vowel /a/ but not before the high /i/ and mid /e/front vowels and are thus in complementary distribution, wherein we find a voiceless alveolar fricative [ÊÆ'] or its voiced counterpart [Ê’]. It is likely therefore, that the voiceless velar fricative /x/ becomes alveolar [ÊÆ'] before front vowels /i/ and /e/, while its voiced partner /É £/ also becomes alveolar [Ê’] in the same situation, both of which therefore are allophones not phonemes. Within the dataset provided it could be predicted that [m] is an allophone of /n/ because [m] only occurs word initially and /n/ only occurs between vowels, but because of symmetry it is more likely they both occur as phonemes – within this same argument there may be a velar nasal /Å‹/. Another allophone evidenced in the data is the alveolar trill [r] which is only found inter-vocalically preceding two vowels - in other words a diphthong. It can thus be assumed that the flap or tap /É ¾/ becomes a trill [r] before a diphthong. The difficulty in terms of interpretation in this data set is whether the post alveolar affricate [tÊÆ'] is a phoneme or an allophone; for want of further evidence and because both the voiced and voiceless post alveolar fricatives occur in the same environment as the post alveolar affricate it is suggested that it is an allophone of /k/ in keeping with the symmetrical pattern of each velar phoneme having allophones preceding front